Gene expression and functional annotation of the human and mouse choroid plexus epithelium (2023)

FAQs

What is the function of the choroid plexus in the brain? ›

One of the primary functions is to produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via the ependymal cells that line the ventricles of the brain. Secondly, the choroid plexus serves as a barrier in the brain separating the blood from the CSF, known as the blood-CSF barrier.

The choroid plexus (ChP) is a secretory tissue found in each of the brain ventricles, the main function of which is to produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPEpiC) play a central role in restricting the passage of molecules and ions between the brain and CSF by the junctional complexes between neighboring cells. They also have a special cellular structure, and channel and transporter protein expression well-adapted for CSF secretion.

Choroid Plexus Anomalies

The choroid plexus is a vascular convolute, consisting of epithelial cells (a type of microglia), fenestrated blood vessels, and stroma, which lie in the ventricular system of the brain. It is the main source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and actively regulates the constituents in CSF.

What is the function of the choroid plexus? The choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid.

The choroid has several functions: Its vasculature is the major supply for the outer retina; impairment of the flow of oxygen from choroid to retina may cause Age-Related Macular Degeneration. The choroidal blood flow, which is as great as in any other organ, may also cool and warm the retina.

The choroid plexuses, found in the lateral, third and fourth ventricles of the brain (adjacent to the embryonic dorsal midline in the hindbrain, diencephalon, and telencephalon, respectively) are epithelial tissue masses highly vascularized with fenestrated blood vessels (Figure 1).

The choroid plexuses (CPs) are leaf-like highly vascular structures laying in the ventricles. The main function of choroid plexuses is the production of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Composition. The tissue of the choroid plexus consists of both columnar cuboidal epithelial cells and specialized cells called ependyma. The ependyma are ciliated, meaning they have tiny hair-like projections on the outside of the cell as well as microvilli (projections that work to absorb CSF).

The choroid plexus acts as an immunological niche where several types of peripheral immune cells can be found within the stroma including dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells. Including the epithelia cells, these cells perform immunosurveillance, detecting pathogens and changes in the cytokine milieu.

What is the choroid plexus also known as? ›

The choroid plexus, or plica choroidea, is a plexus of cells that arises from the tela choroidea in each of the ventricles of the brain. Regions of the choroid plexus produce and secrete most of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the central nervous system.

The cerebral endothelium forms the largest barrier in the brain, the BBB, while epithelial cells of the choroid plexus form the blood–CSF barrier, and the avascular arachnoid epithelium lies under the dura and completely encases the brain, forming the CSF–blood barrier.

Choroid is the vascular layer of the eye. Also referred to as choroid coat or choroidea, it is a thin layer of tissue which is part of the middle layer of the eye wall, found between the sclera and the retina. The choroid is filled with blood vessels, which brings nutrients and oxygen to the outer layers of the retina.

The choroid is a layer of eyeball. The eyeball has three coats namely sclera, choroid, and retina. The choroid is middle dark pigmented thin vascular layer of the eyeball and is characterized by the presence of many blood vessels.

(KOR-oyd) A thin layer of tissue that is part of the middle layer of the wall of the eye, between the sclera (white outer layer of the eye) and the retina (the inner layer of nerve tissue at the back of the eye). The choriod is filled with blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the eye.

The choroid blocks the internal reflection of light into the eye, contains blood vessels that supply oxygen, nutrients and remove metabolic waste from the eye. The yellow spot of the eye gives accurate visual activity.

Cerebrospinal fluid is made by tissue called the choroid plexus in the ventricles (hollow spaces) in the brain. Also called CSF.

Photoreceptors There are two main types of light-sensitive cell in the eye: rods and cones. Rods enable vision in poor light, whereas cones are responsible for colour vision.

Structure/Histology

The choroid is composed of loose connective tissue containing numerous fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells. The layer closest to the sclera is a layer of pigmented melanocytes, which gives the membrane a black color.

What are the three layers of the eye functions? ›

The cornea and lens bend light so it passes through the vitreous gel in the back chamber of the eye and is projected onto the retina. The retina converts light to electrical impulses. The optic nerve carries these electrical impulses to the brain, which converts them into the visual images that you see.

A network of blood vessels and cells in the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) of the brain. The blood vessels are covered by a thin layer of cells that make cerebrospinal fluid.

In addition to the core cell types shown above, the researchers found several neuronal subtypes. “Typically, the choroid plexus is not thought to have too many neurons,” says Lehtinen. “What they're doing in the choroid plexus is still up for discussion and experimentation.”

The choroid plexuses are four modified epithelial structures suspended inside the cerebral ventricles. There are two lateral ventricular choroid plexuses, the third ventricular choroid plexus and the fourth ventricular (hindbrain) choroid plexus (Figure 2).

The choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles are supplied by the anterior choroidal arteries (branch of internal carotid artery) and the lateral posterior choroidal arteries (branch of the posterior cerebral artery).

The choroid is a thin, pigmented vascular network consisting of three layers (from inner to outer): choriocapillaris, stroma, and lamina fusca. The choriocapillaris provides nutrients to the RPE and the outer third of the retina.

Normal Histology. Normal choroid plexus, with an epithelial layer around a stroma with prominent blood vessels. This is where the cerebrospinal fluid is formed. The ependymal cells lining the ventricle are present at the left.

The epithelial cells of the choroid plexus secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), by a process that involves the movement of Na(+), Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) from the blood to the ventricles of the brain. This creates the osmotic gradient, which drives the secretion of H(2)O.

Choroid plexus cells are modified ependymal cells that cover the capillary loops responsible for production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The cells form a single layer of cuboidal epithelium, the slight apical bulge of which resembles a set of cobblestones. Choroid plexus cells are found in all of the ventricles.

The choroid plexuses are the main structures that comprise the blood-CSF barrier, the other contributors being the arachnoid and arachnoid villi on the outer surface of the brain (Wright, 1978; and for review see Davson and Segal, 1996).

What is the most important function of epithelial tissue? ›

There are three primary functions of epithelial tissue: serving as a protective barrier, secreting substances, and absorbing substances. The main function of specific tissues varies by the specific location and type of cell. Protective barriers are typically formed by stratified epithelium and goblet cells.

They perform a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.

Damaged epithelial cells stimulate the release of more pro-inflammatory chemokines/cytokines and DAMPs, exacerbating epithelial cell damage and death.

The choroid plexus is a highly folded membrane, and its surface is covered by a specialized cuboidal layer of epithelium, which differs from the ciliated ependymal cells that line most of the ventricular surface.

Choroidal pigmentation is largely caused by melanin pigment within choroidal melanocytes. Individuals with dark racial pigmentation generally have very heavy choroidal pigmentation and are at extremely low risk of uveal melanoma.

Histologically, the choroid is divided into five layers, starting from the retina to the sclera ( Fig. 3.2 ): (1) Bruch's membrane; (2) choriocapillaris; two layers of vasculature—(3) Sattler's layer; (4) Haller's layer—and (5) suprachoroidea.

The choroid layer is thin in the posterior two-thirds of the eye ball, but it becomes thick in the anterior part to form the ciliary body.

The choroid is the layer of blood vessels and connective tissue between the white of the eye and retina (at the back of the eye). It is part of the uvea and supplies nutrients to the inner parts of the eye. Inflammation of the choroid is called choroiditis.

A network of blood vessels and cells in the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) of the brain. The blood vessels are covered by a thin layer of cells that make cerebrospinal fluid.

The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is a part of the uvea, the vascular layer of the eye, and contains connective tissues, and lies between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye (at 0.2 mm), while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm.

Does the choroid protect the eye? ›

This thin layer of tissue is made up almost entirely of blood vessels. These blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the outer part of the retina. In short, the choroid is the life source that keeps the retina healthy and functioning.

1 It contains the retinal pigmented epithelial cells and provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer retina. The choroid forms the uveal tract, which includes the iris and the ciliary body. The dark-colored melanin pigment in the choroid absorbs light and limits reflections within the eye that could degrade vision.

The choroid plexus consists of a layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue. The epithelium of the choroid plexus is continuous with the ependymal cell layer (ventricular layer) that lines the ventricular system.

The choroid plexus is composed of blood vessels and specialized epithelial tissue called ependyma. Ependymal cells contain hair-like projections called cilia which form a tissue layer that encases the choroid plexus. Ependymal cells also line the cerebral ventricles and spinal cord central canal.

The choroid forms part of the vascular layer of the eyeball, along with the ciliary body and iris. It is a thin, pigmented vascular connective tissue layer of the eyeball that extends from the ora serrata to the optic nerve (CN II).

Blood is delivered to the choroid through the ophthalmic artery that branches to form (typically) two posterior ciliary arteries, ³⁵ which in turn branch to form many short posterior ciliary arteries and two long posterior ciliary arteries.

Choroidal dystrophy is an eye disorder that involves a layer of blood vessels called the choroid. These vessels are between the sclera and retina. In most cases, choroidal dystrophy is due to an abnormal gene, which is passed down through families.

The choroid is richly innervated by parasympathetic, sympathetic and trigeminal sensory nerve fibers that regulate choroidal blood flow in birds and mammals, and presumably other vertebrate classes as well.